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I know they �re contractions and that most of them are spellings that reflect the pronunciation. �ain �t � is the only one that doesn�t really fit that description as it actually used to be correct English as it was a contraction of �am not �. �isn�t, etc� are just straight common contractions.
Yep, like AB said, these are contractions. I spent ages a while ago seeking info on this. I found that my UI and Adv international adult students often struggled to understand everyday English such as at the supermarket, post office and so on. Formal textbooks often do not include this type of casual language that features so prominently in everyday conversation in an English speaking country, and this is apart from the slang and colloquialisms that also appear in our conversation.
Anyway, I found a good site which had a podcast episode on this, as well as on reduced pronouns, which I added to my Delicious account for my students� reference. I also downloaded a great worksheet from this site on informal contractions.
