The word approach in teaching refers to a set of beliefs which affects decisions such as what to teach and how. There are 4 approaches: Content-based approach, Language Appreciation approach, Personal Response approach , Language Practice approach.

 

I know it as "The Content-Based approach", which is appropriate for more advanced, older students, especially in L1, is best avoided when teaching literature to elementary and junior-high EFL students certain elements of the Content-Based approach are important � such as the connections made between literary texts/authors and their social and historical contexts and the use of meta-language for talking about literary language devices and their effects on meaning.  It is to be hoped, however, that the lecture and spoon-feeding characteristics of the approach will be avoided.

Similarly, though literature may well be exploited for heightening language awareness and enriching vocabulary knowledge, it is recommended to assign these aspects a secondary role in the teaching of literature, unless awareness of them is crucial to understanding the text. In any case, it is recommended that focus on language forms in literature take a secondary role, after focussing on meanings of the text, rather than a central role as seen in the Language Practice approach.

 

In fact I worked with my teachers on these approaches and applied it on a poem. If you are interested I can upload it.

 

Hope I clarified it