The type of test I give depends on the kind of class I am giving.  If it is a conversation class, I base my evaluation on conversational skills, and would only give an oral evaluation.   If it is a regular class I usually give both a written and oral evaluation. 
 If I give an oral test, I generally start off with asking questions with the verb to be and to have.  
 
Questions like:
What is your name?
Can you spell it for me.
Where to you live
Do you have (pets, children)  tell me about them.
 
I then progress through the tenses and evaluate them on that.
Simple Present -  Give me your daily routine
Present Continuous - now and future questions (pictures)
Past - What did you do yesterday.
 
I go on like this until I am able to find the proper level.  If I see, a person is unable to go further I do not continue going to higher levels.
 
With the written test I use a placement test.
I would agree with Newuser that you can get good  placement tests from books.
 
When this is finished I place them into different level groups, according to the test they have taken.